Research jobs and career development

• Skills and career development of RI personnel, including scientists and researchers, students (internships), other trainees and engineers
• Professional development, including research management, transdisciplinary skills, communication and other ‘soft/transferable’ skills

Skills development for non-scientific staff and users

• Competence development outside of research and beyond the core curriculum, including non-scientific and auxiliary staff, users and stakeholders
• Fostering openness to other cultures and multilingual competences through international working environment

Relationship capital and international collaboration

• Attraction of highly educated people from other parts of the world
• International cross-recruitment
• Access to networks and international consortia
• Creation of researcher and student alumni networks fostering the emergence of social capital [can also have societal-level impact]

Better working conditions

• Better working conditions for students, researchers and auxiliary staff
• Maintaining social security
• Workplace safety and prevention of occupational hazards

Wider effects

The concentration of new competences can result in secondary impacts at the societal level:

• Wider interest in and student retention in STEM study subjects or social science, humanities and arts subjects
• Possible increase of research vocations
• Possible increase of the overall educational level in the region/across regions

Business and industry

• Industry R&D and problem-solving through RI
• Impact on suppliers through procurement of technology, goods, various services
• Impact on other local/national/international organisations, e.g. due to visitors and tourism
• Benefits to supplier reputation and market position

Labour market and productivity

• Job creation, including highly-skilled, low-skilled and staff exchanges
• Productivity effects from more efficient R&D processes, e.g. easier access to data, improved functionalities and savings through coordination
• Salary premiums from higher qualifications and productivity gains

Technology transfer and innovation

• Transfer of knowledge and technology/technical skills
• Innovation in industry, including the benefits of collaboration
• Creation of spin-offs
• Increased commercial value and competitiveness through the development of new processes, improved quality, higher efficiency, and wide-spread availability of components, equipment, technologies, methods, software, patents and licences

Impact on the local and regional economy

• Geographical effects through clustering of activities in the region, e.g. opening of adjoining research centres, universities and other organisations due to RI

New solutions, technologies, open access data and software for societal use

• New technologies, methodologies, instruments, applications for everyday use
• Open data and software for civil society organisations, media or general public use
• Long-term historical and cultural value of scientific discoveries and technological innovation

Knowledge benefits for society in different domains

• Knowledge for addressing societal challenges including health and well-being, public-sector challenges, environmental and social sustainability
• Contribution to UN Sustainable Development Goals/EU Green Deal ambitions
• Contribution to broader scientific literacy

Public awareness and engagement

• General public understanding of the benefits of science and their role in addressing societal challenges
• Public engagement with science, e.g. through outreach, training of journalists and stakeholders

Cultural impact

• Advances in technology and instruments/infrastructure for conducting research triggers cultural shifts in the way knowledge is created and disseminated
• Digitalisation of cultural artefacts (e.g. books, manuscripts, museum collections) makes them more accessible and appreciated, boosting community integration and identity
• Benefits for society such as contributions to art, movies, books that may ultimately lead to more societal awareness about the benefits of science

Social inclusion

• Contribution to social inclusion by hiring people from under-represented groups
• Adoption of practices for promoting gender equality
• Effects from corporate social responsibility practices

Environmental impact

• Ecological footprint of RI operations
• Effects from environmental sustainability practices

Policy, regulations, standards and institutions

• Contribution to evidence-based policy making through data and expert advice
• Influence on R&D strategies, new standards, regulatory frameworks, data management policies

Science diplomacy

• Role in building international partnerships to address common problems
• Role in the promotion of science as a priority in the international arena

Co-funding and sustainability

• Contribution to creating models of co-funding and sustainability with funders at local, regional, national and international levels
• Contribution to ensuring strategic fit with the overall EU RI landscape

Ethics and trust in science

• Effects from development and uptake of ethical codes of conduct in research
• Effects from development and uptake of guidelines for responsible research and innovation